People with a Balghami temperament typically have: A round and soft body structure, often overweight Pale or whitish complexion Cool, moist, and soft skin Thick, soft, and silky hair Low metabolic rate, often with slow digestion A tendency to feel cold easily Slow movements and a relaxed nature

Best seasons: Summer and early autumn (warm and dry weather) Worst seasons: Winter and rainy seasons (cold and moist weather) Ideal climate: Warm and dry places are best for them

Munzij & Mushil Therapy (Detoxification to remove excess phlegm) Dawa-e-Mudirr (Diuretics for better metabolism) Sharbat-e-Zanjabeel (Ginger syrup for digestion and warmth) Roghan-e-Surkh (Warming oil for massage) Joshanda (Herbal Decoctions) to clear mucus and improve immunity Herbal tonics like honey and black seed oil

Due to excess phlegm, they are more prone to: Obesity and slow metabolism Frequent colds, coughs, and respiratory issues Indigestion, bloating, and constipation Excessive mucus production and sinus congestion Joint pains, arthritis, and stiffness Low energy and chronic fatigue Depression and lethargy

Balghami people are generally: Calm, peaceful, and composed Introverted and thoughtful Slow to react but consistent and reliable Emotionally stable but sometimes overly passive Prone to laziness and procrastination Fond of food and comfort Slow learners but good at memorization

Since they tend to be slow and inactive, they should: Wake up early and expose themselves to sunlight Engage in regular physical activity Eat light and warm foods Avoid oversleeping and daytime naps Keep their body warm with hot showers and warm clothing Avoid overeating and heavy meals at night

Yes, Hijama (Dry & Wet Cupping Therapy) is beneficial as it: Removes excess phlegm from the body Improves blood circulation Boosts metabolism and digestion Reduces joint stiffness and body aches Enhances energy levels and mental clarity

Balghami (Phlegmatic) temperament refers to individuals whose bodily composition is dominated by Balgham (Phlegm). They have a cold and moist temperament, which influences their physical, mental, and emotional characteristics.

Since they have a cold and moist temperament, they should consume warming and dry foods to maintain balance. ✅ Best foods for Balghami people: Fruits: Apples, pomegranates, figs, dates, and pears Vegetables: Carrots, radishes, onions, garlic, mustard greens Grains: Barley, millet, corn, rye, and whole wheat Dairy: Light dairy like buttermilk (avoid heavy dairy) Proteins: Lean meats, fish, eggs, lentils, chickpeas Herbs: Ginger, black pepper, cinnamon, cloves, basil Beverages: Herbal teas (ginger, cinnamon, clove), honey water ❌ Foods to avoid: Cold and damp foods (ice cream, cold drinks, yogurt at night) Excessive dairy products (milk, butter, cheese) Heavy and oily foods Too many sweets and refined carbohydrates Deep-fried and greasy foods Raw and uncooked foods (especially in winter)

Stay active and exercise regularly (brisk walking, running, stretching) Avoid excessive sleep and laziness Keep warm, especially in cold weather Take warm showers and massage with warming oils (mustard or black seed oil) Drink warm herbal teas instead of cold drinks Practice deep breathing exercises to clear mucus and improve circulation Engage in social activities to avoid lethargy

Engage in warm and relaxing activities (yoga, meditation, light exercise) Stay socially connected to avoid excessive introspection and isolation Massage with warm oils (olive oil, sesame oil) to prevent dryness Avoid excessive stress, overwork, and mental exhaustion Drink warm herbal teas and keep the body hydrated Practice breathing exercises to reduce anxiety and stress Avoid excessive cold weather and dress warmly

People with a Sawdawi temperament generally have: A lean, thin, and bony body structure Dark or dull complexion Dry, rough, and cool skin Thin and brittle hair, often prone to premature graying A weak digestive system with slow metabolism Cold hands and feet due to poor circulation A tendency to develop constipation and dryness in the body

Since they have a cold and dry temperament, they should consume warming and moistening foods to balance their body. ✅ Best foods for Sawdawi people: Fruits: Grapes, figs, pomegranates, bananas, apples Vegetables: Spinach, carrots, beetroot, pumpkin, sweet potatoes Grains: Rice, oats, whole wheat, barley Dairy: Warm milk, buttermilk, ghee (in moderation) Proteins: Chicken, fish, lentils, eggs, almonds, walnuts Herbs & Spices: Ginger, cinnamon, fennel, black pepper, saffron Beverages: Herbal teas (chamomile, fennel, saffron), warm soups ❌ Foods to avoid: Dry and rough foods (crackers, dry nuts, excessive beans, raw salads) Cold and refrigerated foods (ice cream, cold water, frozen meals) Sour and acidic foods (vinegar, pickles, processed foods) Excessive caffeine and tea (as they increase dryness and anxiety) Deep-fried and heavy foods

Munzij & Mushil Therapy (to remove excess black bile) Dawa-e-Muqawwi Dimagh (Brain tonic for mental clarity) Sharbat-e-Bazoori (Herbal syrup for detoxification) Roghan-e-Zaitoon (Olive Oil Massage) for dryness relief Herbal Tonics like Asgand (Ashwagandha) and Saffron Tea for mood upliftment

Due to excess black bile, they are more prone to: Chronic constipation and dry skin issues Poor blood circulation and anemia Depression, anxiety, and mood disorders Insomnia and difficulty sleeping Joint pain and stiffness (especially in cold weather) Digestive issues such as bloating and indigestion Skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, or pigmentation disorders

Yes, Hijama (Dry Cupping) Therapy is beneficial as it: Improves blood circulation Reduces stiffness and body pain Enhances metabolism and digestion Helps in mental relaxation and stress relief Prevents excessive buildup of black bile Note: Wet cupping should be done with caution as Sawdawi individuals may have weak blood circulation.

Sawdawi (Melancholic) temperament refers to individuals whose bodily composition is dominated by Sawdā (Black Bile). They have a cold and dry temperament, which affects their physical, mental, and emotional well-being.

Since they are prone to overthinking and worry, they should: Engage in creative and social activities Avoid spending too much time alone Listen to soothing music and practice relaxation techniques Exercise regularly to improve mood Practice gratitude and focus on positive thoughts Use aromatherapy with essential oils (rose, sandalwood, saffron)

Sawdawi people are generally: Deep thinkers, analytical, and detail-oriented Serious, introverted, and reserved Hardworking and highly disciplined Prone to worry, anxiety, and overthinking Emotionally sensitive but may suppress their feelings Tend to have a negative outlook or pessimism Prefer solitude and intellectual activities

Best seasons: Spring and early summer (warm and moist weather) Worst seasons: Winter and autumn (cold and dry weather) Ideal climate: Warm and humid environments are best for them

Safrawi people are known for their: Strong willpower and determination High intelligence and sharp memory Ambitious and competitive nature Tendency to be short-tempered and irritable Quick decision-making skills Love for challenges but with occasional impatience Strong leadership qualities

Since they are prone to irritability and anger, they should: Practice mindfulness and meditation Engage in cooling activities like walking in nature or swimming Avoid overworking and excessive screen time Take frequent short breaks to avoid burnout Use aromatherapy with calming oils like jasmine and sandalwood Drink herbal teas such as rose tea, mint tea, or fennel tea

Stay hydrated with cooling drinks like barley water and herbal infusions Engage in calming activities like meditation, gardening, and reading Avoid excessive sun exposure and hot environments Practice deep breathing exercises to manage anger and stress Follow a regular sleep routine to avoid restlessness Engage in light exercises like swimming, walking, and yoga Use cooling oils like sandalwood and rosewater for massage

Yes, Hijama (Wet Cupping) Therapy is beneficial for Safrawi individuals as it helps: Remove excess bile from the body Prevent liver and digestive issues Reduce inflammation and skin disorders Improve mental clarity and reduce stress Balance body heat and dryness

Due to their excess of yellow bile (Safra), they are more prone to: Hyperacidity and heartburn Ulcers and digestive problems Skin disorders like rashes, eczema, and acne Liver and gallbladder issues Headaches and migraines Insomnia and restlessness Anger management problems High blood pressure

Best seasons: Winter and early spring Worst seasons: Summer and late spring (as they overheat quickly) Ideal climate: Cool and humid environments are best for them

Since they have a hot and dry temperament, they should consume cooling and hydrating foods. Recommended foods include: ✅ Best foods for Safrawi people: Fruits: Pomegranate, watermelon, banana, sweet melon, apples Vegetables: Cucumber, zucchini, lettuce, spinach, pumpkin Grains: Barley, wheat, oats Dairy: Buttermilk, yogurt, fresh cheese Proteins: Fish, chicken (moderate), lentils Herbs: Coriander, mint, fennel, rose water Beverages: Herbal teas, cooling syrups like Sharbat-e-Bazoori ❌ Foods to avoid: Spicy and oily foods (they increase heat) Excessive red meat (increases bile production) Fried and junk food Hot beverages like coffee and alcohol Garlic, onion, and chili in excess Heavy dairy products like butter and cheese

People with a Safrawi temperament generally have: A lean, thin, and wiry body structure A yellowish or pale complexion Warm, dry, and rough skin Light and fine hair, often dry and brittle A tendency towards premature graying or hair loss A high metabolic rate, often with a small appetite Restlessness and high energy levels

Munzij & Mushil Therapy (Detoxification to remove excess bile) Dawa-e-Mudirr (Diuretics to cool the body) Sharbat-e-Bazoori (Herbal syrup for liver detox and cooling effect) Roghan-e-Sandal (Sandalwood oil for body cooling) Sharbat-e-Gulab (Rose syrup for calming effects) Barley water and yogurt-based drinks for hydration

Safrawi (Bilious) temperament refers to individuals whose bodily composition is dominated by Safra (Yellow Bile). They have a hot and dry temperament, which affects their physical, mental, and emotional characteristics.

Damawi temperament is characterized by a dominance of blood (Dam) in the body. People with this temperament generally have a warm body, moist skin, high energy levels, and a cheerful disposition. They are often strong, courageous, and passionate.

Yes, Hijama is highly recommended for Damawi individuals as it helps remove excess blood, reduces inflammation, and prevents blood-related disorders. It should be done under the supervision of a qualified Unani practitioner.

To balance the heat and excess blood, Damawi individuals should consume: Cooling foods like cucumber, yogurt, pomegranate, and leafy greens Bitter and astringent foods such as fenugreek, neem, and coriander Light proteins like fish, chicken, and lentils Plenty of water and cooling herbal infusions like rose water and fennel tea Foods to Avoid: Spicy and fried foods Red meat and excessive sugar Excessive dairy (except buttermilk and yogurt) Alcohol and caffeine

Sharbat Unnab (cooling syrup for detoxification) Sharbat Fanjan (helps regulate blood pressure) Arq-e-Gulab (rose water for cooling and calming effects) Arq-e-Mundi (useful for blood purification) Habb-e-Muqil (for digestive balance)

Winter and Spring are favorable for Damawi individuals as they counteract excess heat. Summer and late Spring require extra care to avoid overheating.

Dalk (Massage Therapy) with cooling oils like sandalwood and coconut oil Hammam (Herbal Steam Bath) with cooling herbs Nutool (Pouring Therapy) using rose water for relaxation Riyazat (Exercise Therapy) with mild workouts like walking and stretching

Well-built body with a reddish complexion Soft and smooth skin with a warm touch High energy levels and a good appetite Tendency to sweat more than others Good blood circulation and a robust immune system

Engage in regular moderate exercise like swimming and yoga Avoid excessive exposure to the sun and heat Maintain a consistent sleep schedule Take regular Hijama (Cupping Therapy) to balance excess blood Practice meditation and deep breathing to control emotional outbursts Engage in creative and calming activities like gardening or painting

Outgoing, sociable, and cheerful Bold, confident, and expressive Passionate and quick-tempered at times Generally optimistic and active Love for luxurious lifestyles and indulgence

Damawi individuals are prone to: Hypertension (high blood pressure) Skin conditions like acne and rashes Frequent headaches and migraines Bleeding disorders (e.g., nosebleeds) Inflammatory conditions (e.g., arthritis, gout) Heart-related issues

Distinguishing between predatory journals and legitimate ones can be difficult, as predatory journals may use similar names and logos to legitimate journals. However, there are a few indicators that can help to identify a predatory journal. These include a lack of clear information about the editorial process, excessive fees for publication or other services, and poor or non-existent indexing in reputable databases. To be sure that you are reading a legitimate research article on Unani medicine, it is best to consult with a qualified Unani practitioner or researcher who can help to identify reputable sources of information.

A plain language summary is a brief, non-technical summary of a research article that is written in plain language that is accessible to a general audience. Plain language summaries are important for research articles on Unani medicine because they can help to make the findings of the research more accessible to practitioners, patients, and the general public. This can help to promote greater understanding of the potential benefits and limitations of Unani medicine, and may lead to more informed decision-making by patients and practitioners.

Unani medicine differs from modern Western medicine in its approach to health and disease. While Western medicine tends to focus on treating specific symptoms or diseases with drugs or surgery, Unani medicine takes a holistic approach to health, emphasizing the balance of the body's humors and the use of natural remedies.

Unani medicine is based on the concept of balance and equilibrium in the body's four humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. According to Unani medicine, illness arises when there is an imbalance in these humors, which can be caused by various factors such as diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Unani medicine uses a holistic approach to restore balance and promote health, and treatments may include herbal remedies, dietary modifications, and lifestyle changes.

I believe that the teachings and knowledge of ancient as well as modern Unani scholars are not reaching the general public, and the content of research articles published in good journals is limited to the scientific community and paid subscribers. Through my website, I hope to share general Unani concepts, treatments, and opinions in plain language to make this knowledge accessible to a wider audience. Additionally, you can read plain language summaries of research articles on Unani medicine that are published in good journals.

Unani medicine, also known as Yunani medicine, is a traditional system of medicine that originated in ancient Greece and was later developed in the Middle East and South Asia. Unani medicine is based on the teachings of Hippocrates, Galen, and other ancient Greek physicians, and incorporates elements of traditional Arabic medicine and Persian medicine.

Unani medicine can be used to treat a wide range of conditions, including digestive disorders, respiratory ailments, skin diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, and mental health conditions. Unani medicine also emphasizes preventive measures to maintain health and prevent illness.

Qualified Unani practitioners can be found in various parts of the world, particularly in South Asia and the Middle East. If you wish to talk about your problems, you can get in touch with me directly.

Predatory journals are publications that claim to be scholarly journals but do not follow the standards of peer review or editorial quality control. These journals often charge authors fees to publish their articles, without providing the necessary peer review or editorial oversight. The problem with predatory journals is that they can mislead authors into believing their work is being published in a legitimate journal, leading to a proliferation of low-quality or fraudulent research. This can be a particular problem in the field of Unani medicine, where practitioners and researchers may not have access to the same resources as in other fields.

Like all forms of medicine, Unani remedies can have minimal side effects and interactions with other medications. It is important to consult with a qualified Unani practitioner before taking any Unani remedies, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or have a chronic medical condition.